I disagree that newspaper is an ideal substrate for a russian. While it is OK, and is useful if your tort is ill or you are worming and need to change the substrate often, I think it is frustrating for russians, who really like to dig and burrow. In my indoor enclosure I provide half sand/soil mix, and half hemp (which I don't think you can get in the States, but which looks a lot like the aspen that I see some people use), and they can burrow in that to their heart's content. Re cleaning, as the poo is fairly dry and firm, it's really easy to spot clean, and I have almost never found one under the substrate where he has burrowed.

Nina

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