The hybrid snakes that I breed are done so through a desire to create
something beautiful and unusual, they are purely for the "Designer Pet"
market. It is not my intention or desire to pass these off as anything other
than what they are. The hatchlings I produce besides being beautiful to look
at, behave, grow and reproduce like any other snake. It is not the snakes in
captivity that are in danger from hobbyists hybridizing, as there will
always be those that will produce normal coloured snakes and continue the
wild type lines in captivity. It is the wild populations that are at risk,
not through hybrid or captive bred escapees, but from habitat destruction
and the collection of reptiles. So for those who are against the breeding of
hybrid snakes or snake keeping in general, it is not the very few designer
breeders, who are putting the wild populations at risk, it is all those who
turn a blind eye to what is happening in our world, where habitat is being
torn down to make room for roads, supermarkets and the like.
Some species and subspecies are similar enough that many of them can
interbreed and share genes with the help of man. A variety of hybrids have
been bred in captivity, in the vivarium herpetologists have been able to
break down the barriers of timing, breeding behavior & geographical
isolation that prevent species from breeding together in the wild. Breeding
hybrid snakes in captivity has always been a controversial subject amongst
the herpetological community, those who are against hybridization usually
have the following lines of thought.
a.. It isn't natural
b.. Hybrids could escape into the wild and contaminate wild populations.
c.. unscrupulous breeders may sell hybrids as pure species and therefore
contaminate captive populations of otherwise pure species
d.. Hybrids are sterile
Natural in it's true sense is a population of snakes in the wild, a
population that is free to choose who they mate, where males combat for the
privileges of the female, where only the strongest and dominate are allowed
to pass on there genes. Take a snake out of the wild put it in a vivarium
and it immediately becomes unnatural, a controlled environment determined by
man, where we choose when and what it eats, it's temperature range and who
it should breed with etc. For a snake to be truly pure bred in captivity,
one must breed it with another from the same locality as each population in
the wild across it's range has a different genetic makeup. For example a
cornsnake from the Miami area of Florida expresses different traits to those
that are found in Okeetee region of South Carolina if we were to breed these
together yes we would still have a cornsnake but it would not be true to
it's own unique population we have genetically changed it, in the wild Miami
hatchlings have a preference for small lizards whereas Okeete cornsnakes
preference is for rodents other differences are colour and size of
individuals, these are all determined by the genetic makeup of the snake.
Even if we were to breed animals from the same locality together, more than
likely when choosing animals to add to our collection, we would choose those
that expressed the most desirable traits. eg: bright colours, well defined
pattern, healthy and robust etc.By doing so we are determining who breeds
with who and choosing what traits of the animal we want their babies to
express.
Is this natural ?
Those who breed normal coloured snakes be it King, Gopher, Milk or Ratsnake
and keep them lines pure, are still producing Pet snakes, yes they will be
able to show there children/grandchildren a Black Ratsnake or a Californian
Kingsnake that looks like those found in the wild, but they have become
domesticated through captivity and would have no chance of surviving in the
wild. We have no end of colour and pattern mutations being bred in
captivity, achieved by crossing animals that express or are heterozygous for
these traits, these snakes are not seen in the wild, but are abundant in
collections worldwide. To take the Cornsnake as an example again, how many
different mutations are bred in captivity? my guess is hundreds, are there
populations of mutations in the wild, with the exception of the
anerythristic corn, No. Because the chances of two individuals expressing or
carrying the same mutant gene in the wild breeding together is very slim. So
what we have produced is man-made, we have bred for certain traits, more
than likely inbred to maximize the amount of hatchlings expressing any given
trait, . We are in effect producing "Designer" snakes. These mutant snakes
have been excepted into the hobby, embraced even. Most are beautiful,
expressing brilliant colours and patterns, hobbyists mix and match both
colour and pattern mutations in the hope of breeding something just that
little bit different. Normal coloured snakes are bred to enhance there
natural colouration. None of this is natural. What we are producing are pet
snakes, those that fit in to our idea of beauty. This desire to breed the
ultimate snake has lead us along the hybridization path, most hybrids bred
in captivity are not "normal" coloured snakes but albino or hypomelanistic
or express some other mutant gene. The fact that different species when bred
together can produce viable offspring defies all the rules of
classification, The 'Darwinian' definition of a species is 'a group of
individuals which can freely interbreed and produce 'normal' fertile
offspring'. Today species is defined using a number of criteria including
geographical, chemical, physiological and genetic bases of reproductive
isolation, often there is conflict among researchers as to which groups form
species. As all groups of living things are continually evolving, there will
always be situations where intermediate forms, will be difficult to classify
in a 'man made' category. Take the Ruthven Kingsnakes this is believed to be
the most primitive of the Kingsnakes, and it has been suggested they are
responsible for the evolution of several other species including mexicana,
triangulum, pyromelena, and alterna. Indeed the Ruthvens Kingsnake
hybridizes with other species that overlap it's range in the wild. In the
vivarium it has been responsible for the introduction of the Albino gene
into many King & Milksnake species.
Hybrids could escape into the wild and contaminate wild populations.
This is certainly true, but the same could be said for any escapee snake,
the chances of a hybrid snake surviving in the wild in our country (UK) is
very slim, and then to breed with one of our native snakes and produce
young, highly unlikely. Even escapees in countries where the conditions are
right for them they would probably perish and die before reproducing as
there immune system would not be sufficient to survive.
Unscrupulous breeders may sell hybrids as pure species and therefore
contaminate captive populations of otherwise pure species.
Again yes this is true, I believe that hybrids should be sold as such and
full disclosure of there genetic background will be made at both the point
of enquiry and sale. Unscrupulous breeders will tell you anything to sell an
animal, can you honestly say that you know the genetic makeup of all your
animals. Is that Normal Cali King really pure bred or is it heterozygous for
some trait or other, are your snakes unrelated, just because you brought one
in London and the other from Scotland does not mean they are unrelated, do
you know the parentage of all your snakes. With the hobby in the position it
is today we should be pulling together for the good of our reptiles not
arguing about the ethics of breeding. If you are unaware that our hobby is
in danger just visit the FBH website for information on the threat to our
reptiles.
When buying any snake you should always buy from a trusted source.
Hybrids are sterile
I have heard of individual hybrids being sterile but also some wild types.
All the hybrids I breed are fertile, and many show higher fertility than
some normal snakes. More fertility problems have been seen in snakes that
have been inbred than with hybrids. A lot of hybrids are stronger more
robust than there parents, this is known as hybrid vigor, the passing of
good traits from both parents gives the snake a survival boost. Evolution is
based primarily on changes in gene frequencies, resulting (among other
processes) from mutation, reproductive isolation, and recombination of genes
through hybridization.
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0.1.0 normal corn het hypo,anery
1.0.0 snow corn het hypo,anery,amel
1.0.0 amel corn unknown hets(4ft 8inch long)
1.0 sinacorn
0.0.1 snapping turtles
0.0.1 3 lined mud turtle
1.1 kenyan sand boas
0.1 mbk
0.1 albino nelsons