From the look of your chameleon in the photo, he has MBD (or has had it). The front (left) leg is showing bowing and signs of MBD and parted lips that are curved open like that are usually indicative of MBD too. Nails missing too.
I gutload all the insects I feed to my chameleons before I give them to them. I use Rep-cal calcium a couple of times a week because insects have a poor ca/phos ratio. I also dust the insects lightly with Rep-cal's vitamin powder twice a month. Because my chameleons don't get sunlight, I also dust lightly with their cal/D3 powder twice a month.
I use a reptisun 5.0 bulb.
You are dusting with D3 products (mineral and rep-cal) more often than I am and not using a calcium product(unless you forgot to mention it)...so that is likely part of the problem.
I wouldn't cut out the water....it shouldn't be part of the problem. They need to be well hydrated.
Too much supplementation can be part of the cause for edema....but it can be caused by kidney problems too....and kidney problems can be caused by too much vitamin D3 (from supplements).
You said..."he gets that 12 hours a day and eats all his vitamins, so he shouldn't be getting MBD from lack of anything"...MBD is usually the result of an imbalance between calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D3 and vitamin A (mainly). (Its talked about in the articles that Will posted for you to read.).
UVB from artificial lights or sunlight is needed so that the chameleon can produce vitamin D3. They need the D3 to be able to use the calcium....but that means that they need enough calcium in their system to be able to use. UVB rays shouldn't pass through glass or plastic or the UVB is no good. D3 from UVB can't be overdosed because the body's systems prevent it.....but D3 from supplementation can be overdosed and build up in the kidneys. Vitamin A from beta carotene sources can't build up in the system but vitamin A from preformed sources can. Vitamin D3 and vitamin A are somewhat antagonistic to each other (read the articles for more about that). Insects (as I said above) have a poor calcium/phos. ratio...so we dust the insects to make up for it. So to keep the chameleon from developing MBD the levels of calcium, phos., vitamins A & D3 need to be kept in balance.
Temperature and hydration also play a part. Proper temperatures aid in proper digestion....and water helps too.
Hopefully getting things back in balance and getting the amount of supplementation right will bring your chameleon back into good health!