WASHINGTON POST (DC) 18 April 08 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species (Joel Achenbach)
Bushnell, Fla.: RobRoy MacInnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," MacInnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coming at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
MacInnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes -- four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
MacInnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, off roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls MacInnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
The pythons are often seen lying across a road. Usually motorists describe them as resembling a log, as big around as a telephone pole.
At his office in the park, Snow keeps a duffel bag handy. Inside: a python hide, rolled up like a rug. He clearly enjoys unfurling it on the conference table because, at 15 1/2 feet long, it spans the length of the table and drapes into a chair at the far end.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. The snake was coiled around the gator. More than 24 hours later, the python wriggled free and disappeared into the marsh.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and -- there's not a delicate way to put it -- exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
A Herper in His Element
Lizards and snakes get plenty of love at Glades Herp Farms.
"I'm a reptile nut -- herper -- whatever you want to call it," MacInnes said. "I think that reptiles are inherently fascinating and wonderfully beautiful animals."
As a kid he collected snakes in the Everglades as they warmed themselves on the pavement of the road known as the Tamiami Trail. He spent much of his adult life running a retail pet shop in Fort Myers. Eventually he got tired of the looky-loos coming in, turning up their noses and saying "I hate reptiles!"
Now he's in reptile heaven. He and co-owner Robbie Keszey have not only big snakes but also iguanas, geckos, skinks, tarantula spiders, crocodiles, tortoises and so on. A five-acre fenced enclosure is stocked with alligators.
The farm does most of its business by mail order. It's convenient and easy: The animals are sent to customers by UPS or FedEx, though venomous snakes go air freight on Delta (snakes on a plane).
In the rattlesnake shed he opens a plastic tub in which a rattler is in full rattle -- "just a snake with a particularly bad attitude." For the spitting cobras he keeps a welder's face shield handy, though sometimes the venom will get on his forehead and, if he sweats, can drip into his eyes, which he says is excruciatingly painful.
In the shed next door he opens a case and takes a peek at a 10-foot python. The creature doesn't slither so much as flow. MacInnes has learned to judge a snake by its eyes -- dilated pupils and jittery eyes can signal that something ugly is about to happen. This one, however, remains low-key, lazy, perhaps just colossally bored.
MacInnes, who is exceedingly understated (the people from Animal Planet have told him he's no Steve Irwin), tells the unhappy story of a Tennessee preacher who came to visit. He was from a snake-handling church, and he brought a couple of rattlesnakes that he wanted to barter for a cobra. MacInnes warned that cobras aren't very religious. If you handle a cobra the way you handle a rattlesnake, he told the preacher, you won't last long.
The preacher insisted. He bought the cobra.
"He didn't live a month," MacInnes said.
During a tour of the farm, he shows off Cuban crocodiles, which are man-eaters, and gopher tortoises, which are slow and not exactly fearsome, though if you put your shoe on one's shell it will try to drive you backward like a football lineman pushing a blocking sled.
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists.
A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
MacInnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of MacInnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041704237_pf.html
UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL 18 April 08 Pet dealer: U.S. misjudges reptile threat
Bushnell, Fla.: A Bushnell, Fla., exotic pet dealer says the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is overreacting by barring him from obtaining some reptile species.
Rob Roy MacInnes, co-owner of Glades Herp Farm, said the government's fear of invasive species is preventing him from importing Fiji island iguanas, radiated tortoises from Madagascar and other reptiles, The Washington Post reported Friday.
MacInnes said he does not believe non-native reptiles that have been breeding in Florida areas, a phenomenon biologists have attributed in part to the exotic pet trade, should be considered "invasive species."
"They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment," he said.
The reptile rancher even went as far as to praise the introduction of the Burmese python to the Florida Everglades.
"To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years," he said.
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Quirks/2008/04/18/pet_dealer_us_misjudges_reptile_threat/2949/
