I left one puck on full (20 watts) for about two hours in an empty bottom cage with one cage on top of it separated by a 1/4" spacer.
Ambient temp of room: 68 deg
Room is small and very well insulated. Cages tend to stay warm with little wattage when in this room.
Cages: 24w x 18d x 12h
Cage material: High density polystyrene about 3/16 inch thick.
Temperature of the top of the cage above the puck: 124 deg
Temperature of the glass surface of the puck: Over 230 deg, couldn't touch it for more than a fraction of a second. I was using a non-contact thermometer, and I understand those can give inaccurate results when used on a reflective surface. Still, the glass was far too hot to touch.
Next, I turned off the light and let it cool down to a touch-safe temperature, then turned it back on and dimmed it down to a level that was probably closer to 1/2 the wattage. This still produces rather generous heat and a good amount of light. Left that on for 30 minutes.
Cage top above puck: 90 deg
Glass surface of puck: 192 deg
If my cages weren't small, an RHP is the better choice for a heater. I use these pucks mainly for light when I service the cage, then turn them off. In a few cages during the recent cold snap here, I leave some on dimmed down quite a bit, and they keep the air temp in the cages in the high 70s low 80s.
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Mark