With the more detail, I can see many things wrong with your current setup and the need to get this dragon to a vet asap.
Your cage is too narrow...its no wonder the bearded dragon can't turn around in the cage without great difficulty, especially with a broken/healed incorrectly tail. The minimum size tank for a single adult dragon should be 2' wide by 4' long. Height can range between 18-24".
The UVB light (which I am assuming is the florescent light you are using...if you are just using a normal florescent bulb...then you need to get a UVB producing bulb as well) should run the entire length of the cage, not just in the cool section. In fact, having it in the cool section means your dragon is not getting exposed to UVB at all, or very little.
Very few bearded dragons will drink water from a bowl, so having a water bowl is unnecessary. Dragons typically get all the moisture they need from fresh greens and insects (hence why pellets shouldn't for the main source of food, but are fine as a 'topping' over their salad.) A healthy salad for dragons should contain 2 or more staple greens (dandelion greens, collard greens, mustard greens) mixed with 2 or more other greens which should be switched around regularly to ensure a wide variety of diet. (see: www.beautifuldragons.com nutrition chart for more info on healthy greens for dragons and how often any given type of green should be fed).
Giving what the previous owner has told you, that he was leaving his dragon to die, animal cruelty charges should be laid...its appalling that somebody who no longer wanted a pet could think just leaving it to die (whether in the basement of the house, or dumped outside) is a proper way to deal with an unwanted pet. Especially when there are many ways to advertise for a new home for these animals without paying any money. Hopefully this guy never owns a pet again...or doesn't have any other pets he may decide he doesn't want anymore (even if the dragon was his sons, still no excuse...as it remained under his care when the son left...)
Back to the dragon...since he is really skinny...feed him as many crickets (dusted with Calcium powder containing Vit. D, no phosphorous, and well gut loaded) as he will eat in 5 minutes once a day, plus have a fresh salad available all day long. Use an eye dropper to drip water at the corner of the dragon's mouth, to encourage it to drink.
TO help find a qualified herp vet in your area, try the sites below:
www.anapsid.org/vets/ (several lists linked here)
www.herpvetconnection.com/
www.reptilechannel.com/reptile-health/vet-listing.aspx
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PHLdyPayne
Forum Princess