The reason for this is that they naturally diapause in egg form. Some moths diapause in cocoon but bombyx mori don't. Diapuase is the term for taking a "winter break." The catapillars of giant silkmoths get clues from nature that winter is approaching and they store energy more efficiently so that they can survive the winter in cocoon, to emerge as new moths in the spring. Bombyx mori don't do that. Their cycle is so short and they can make many complete cycles in a season.
Eggs can be put in the refrigerator for up to a year, or the equivalent of a long winter. When one puts them in the refrigerator, they are giving the eggs an artificial winter. Just watch them. If they start to dry out (you can tell because they'll appear sunken in like a blood cell), then they are getting too old. Also, if there is a dark spot on one side of the transparent shell, rather than the uniform black/gray color, that means they are dead also. When eggs are first laid, they are yellow. Within a day they go from yellow to rose to gray. Once they are gray, they are ready to be refrigerated.
If eggs are in cold storage and you bring them out, you can put them back in...but you're gambling. Once they start to "incubate," giving them a winter again may kill them. However, they can be pulled out for a day and put back in without any ill effects.