I'm sorry for your loss. 
As for the signs you were describing, and the fact that she died quickly leads me to believe there is an ammonia build up in your tank. Have you checked your water parameters? If there is an ammonia build up your results will read more than 0 ppm or some color equivalent. There are two reasons why this could have happened: 1) you recently set up this aquarium, 2) you haven't been keeping up with your tank maintenance or you've changed the number of fish you were keeping within the last week. The only way to change the ammonia is by water changes. First, let's make sure this is the cause. You'll need to do a water test, and if you don't have a water testing kit, I would suggest you purchase one or if you can't afford to do so right now, you can more than likely take a water sample to your pet store and they can test it for you.
As for what you could have done... unless it was that you have been slacking on your water maintenance, there really isn't anything you could have done because if it was a newly set up tank, cycling does take time so you are bound to lose some fish. Also, your freckles may have been more prone to this change than your other fish because they all have different internal tolerances (whether this platy has been exposed to big ranges before or not, is it's slime coat providing the protection it needs or is there a whole in the slime coat that allowed something to enter the fish's system, etc.).
Let me know what your water parameters are so we can identify what the problem was and if it will affect your other fish. I have a feeling it is ammonia though based on your descriptions.
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Phishie
"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."