I have worked with dogs/cats for 19 years. I do not think they "smell fear" I believe them to be opportunists, who can recognized very minute behaviors that allow them to react. I think this is the case in almost all encounters. I also beleive that pheromones are released in encounters, whether interrpreted good or bad, that can be used to condtion ANY animal to respond in a certain matter. Natural scents also trigger breeding responses, handing the husband the credit card, etc. IMO, it is how we react to ALL the circumstances that determine the response. I beleive this to be viable in all situations.
Linda
P.S. Although I have no proof, I'm certain it can be attained if one has the time.
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"There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance- that principle is contempt prior to investigation." Herbert Spencer