> what line of reasoning is used to differentiate between line bred traits and different types of related recessive traits -- for instance, how do we draw the distinction that a sunglow corn isn't actually an "amelanistic type b," that has little or no white-and only a line bred amelanistic, yet call an anery with no yellow on the neck an actual different type of anerythrism?
Cross an amelanistic with a sunglow, and the babies come out amelanistic. Cross an anerythristic with a charcoal (anery B, but charcoal is a much better name), and all the babies come out normal. That's the sort of evidence that supports the belief that sunglows are a variation on amelanistic and that anerythristic and charcoal are independent mutants.
Here is the reasoning:
Amelanistic, anerythristic, and charcoal mutants test out recessive to the respective normal allele. If the anerythristic, and charcoal mutants were either identical or alleles, the babies from an anerythristic x charcoal mating would have one anerythristic gene paired with one charcoal gene. There would be no normal gene at the single locus. The babies would look like the male parent or like the female parent or somwhere intermediate between the two parents. But the babies look normal, so the one locus hypothesis is rejected for charcoal and anerythristic. OTOH, an amelanistic x sunglow mating produces amelanistics, which fits the prediction of the one locus hypothesis.
If anerythristic and charcoal are independent, then the anerythristic parent provides an anerythristic gene at the anerythristic locus and a normal gene at the charcoal locus. While the charcoal parent gives a charcoal gene at the charcoal locus and a normal gene at the anerythristic locus. Result -- the babies would be double hets (heterozygous anerythristic, heterozygous charcoal) and would look normal. The result of the anerythristic x charcoal mating fits the prediction of the two locus hypothesis. OTOH, an amelanistic x sunglow mating produces amelanistics, so the two locus hypothesis is rejected for them.
Independent mutants that produce similar phenotypes are called mimics.
Paul Hollander