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Kingsnake field observation

Lindsay Nov 29, 2005 08:51 AM

Earlier this year I had to make a quick Tampa to Miami business trip and naturally, took a "shortcut" thru some snakey Lake Okeechobee areas. In Glades County I found a subadult Florida kingsnake in a typical situation, under artificial cover a few feet from a canal at the edge of a sugarcane field. This one was obviously filled to the brim with a recent meal. Seeing no lumps that would indicate rodents or frogs, I had no doubt that dinner had been some type of Nerodia (watersnake) commonly seen along the canals. This seemed unremarkable so I saw no reason to take a photo at that point. To my surprise the snake regurgitated another kingsnake that didn't appear all that much smaller than itself, especially in overall mass. This recent victim was also quite turgid throughout the digestive tract and curiosity got the best of me. (glad I keep those latex gloves handy) A little manipulation produced a recognizable yellow rat snake about the same length although it's head had been digested or become detached.
Final tally was an approximately 32 inch live getula, the 22 inch loser king and 24 inches of ratsnake remaining. Sorry about the low quality photos. and they're kinda gross so don't scroll down any farther if you don't want to see the details.

not trying to imply any conclusions here, just thought this was interesting. (extenuating circumstances?)

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and more ugly reptile-eating data for Sean
- Gators 34, Semiholes 7

Replies (18)

FR Nov 29, 2005 10:22 AM

Excellent observation and thanks for posting. This is what these threads are for. Showing something real(whether we understand it or not)

To chance the subject a little, but if that snake was left undisturbed, would it have digested that meal/s? Now, could it have done that in a plastic box in captivity. This is subject for debate about temperature regulation.

Now consider, what that meal represents in usable intake, compared to what we feed in captivity(small mouse) Then think about if that snake has the ability to conserve energy, how many times a year does it need to feed? You see, we do understand, what it takes for a snake to grow, to attain health, to reproduce, etc.

Another thought, that snake ate/eats meals like that, yet does not get fat?????????? hmmmmmmmmmmmm how does it store that energy. Or better yet, would captives get fat eating meals like that?

These questions are not for you, but for all to think about. Again, thanks for sharing. FR

Rtdunham Nov 29, 2005 10:48 AM

Thanks for the incredible field observation. I have a few other questions I was surprised to see you didn't address, Frank, though these questions are meant to provoke everyone into further thought:

It was asserted in an earlier thread that kingsnakes don't eat kingsnakes in their group, in the wild.

is it therefore likely this is a released captive, that ate the kingsnake-that-ate-the-rat snake while it was in captivity, and thus an unnatural situation?

Or is it possible the final predator traveled a considerable distance and thus the kingsnake food item was not from the same group? or perhaps the kingsnake food item migrated out of its own group's range and into the range of the final predator's group?

if so, how would field work establish these facts? conversely, how would the opposite be proven--that kingsnakes never eat kingsnakes from their own group? is it possible this field observation is evidence that that earlier generalization isn't entirely accurate?

a few more questions: would the large meal have been regurg'd if the snake hadn't been captured?

we can't know. but my own observations in captivity lead me to believe larger--especially exceptionally large--meals are more likely to be regurged than smaller meals. I will venture to project the same might be true in the wild. And I'd propose, at least, that it might be MORE likelky int he wild, because in captivity we're working to provide environments that would accommodate such unusual events, such as a suitable temperature for digestion, and isolation from predators that could disturb an animal seeking to quietly digest a meal. In the wild on the other hand sometimes--not always, by any means, but sometimes, and more often than in captivity with proper care--there could be sudden temperature changes that could leave a gorged snake in less than ideal temps for digesting the meal; or interevention by a predator might prompt the snake to regurg in order to be better able to defend itself or flee; etc.

>> These questions are not for you, but for all to think about. Thanks for sharing.

mattbrock Nov 29, 2005 12:18 PM

Great thread!

I have read all the replies but just want to make one simple statement. Kings will readily eat their own kind in the wild if opportunity presents itself. I have seen this firsthand, and in capivity, especially among the FL kings.

markg Nov 29, 2005 07:41 PM

I have seen firsthand instances where kings did not eat other kings, both in the wild and in captivity.

I don't think it is an all or none issue. There are likely times for cannibalism and times when it doesn't happen too.

I've witnessed a pair of Cal kings hook up for hours, then separate and go their own way. So sometimes they don't eat one another.

HKM Nov 29, 2005 05:39 PM

Those are all interesting options to test.

Frank never said it doesn't happen.

I don't believe there are set rules that apply all of the time to all individuals. For every rule I have ever really checked into, or attempted to envoke as true, I have eventually found exceptions.

As far as kingsnakes not eating conspecifics in their group, why would they have to travel far at all to encounter another not in it's group? Do you believe in social groups, or family groups in snakes (I do). If so, they can all be mixed among themselves. What might appear to be a huge population may be a mix of several groups sharing the same habitat.

This excellent observation of kingsnake eating kingsnake eating ratsnake is but one feeding observation. It is awesome, but, nonetheless, one feeding observation.

regalringneck Nov 29, 2005 09:49 PM

...no more than i could..the 1st time I responded to these same jpgs....

heres the deal...

getulus rarely (especially the western forms) rarely eat each other, I have know it but a handful of times over 100's ....

thusly...

that florida most likely snuffled up the smaller king who had ate the ratty...tasted the Elaphe scent & gobbled it down....thats why the ratty looks like its been exposed to gastric fluids the longest

theres not much evolutionary preasure towards cannabalism in tetrapods...hence its rarity...

Beers / RxR

Phil Peak Nov 29, 2005 05:09 PM

Thanks for the post Lindsay. That is very revealing. I have never seen a kingsnake eating another in the field but I have seen many kings with obvious snake meals inside of them that left me wondering what species were consumed. Phil

FR Nov 30, 2005 10:21 AM

Phil, I am starting to see why we differ in our thoughts. First, if you are doing a study, its your job to know what they are feeding on. So your suppose to investigate. For sure, the old make them regrug, is horrible to do all the time, but you may have to from time to time. We also palpate and/or express feces. This tells you what they have been feeding on, such as mammal hair, lizard/snake scales, feathers, hard insect parts, etc. The combination of the two methods gives a fair idea of what they are feeding on. If you want to know exactly, then up with the meal/s.

Not to make this more then it is, there are reasons we differ and those reasons are based not on us personally, but how we research(which is based on paradigms) and for what lenght of time. You see time allows us to get over set paradigms and acquire new ones, hahahahahahahahaha, hmmmmmm true that is.

For instance, TC was encountering wonderful meaningful events, such as gravid young massa's, but he failed to investigate, so he did not know they were gravid, or full of food, what kind of food, what stage of development the ovum/embryos were, etc. You see, theres a difference in meaning an event/observation, takes when you consider whats going on inside it.

Consider this, your strong in your beliefs, and you back it by numbers of sightings, but what kind of sightings do you have numbers of. Do you have numbers of varied types of sightings that include major life events. Events like the above mentioned, stomach contents, body cavity contents, regional temps, not just cloacal. Events like nesting, breeding, feeding, etc etc. Not just a snake under tin. A range of behaviors is far more important then numbers of one or two, in determining what snakes are doing. An example is this paper a monitor biologist did. He cited 5400 observations of this one species, and in his paper told of the behavior of this species in an area. He gave stats up the bum, etc etc, told of nesting, etc. When I questioned him on some basics like, did he ever see them breed, he said, and I quote, they saw two tails sticking out of a hole in a tree. For a few minutes. hmmmmmmmm not confirmed, or resemble what these monitors really do, but, even if it was so, 5400 observations and one possible breeding. Then I asked, after he had discribed a nesting area, did you see them nest? he said yes. He said, and again I quote, they saw a fat female go into a hole and come out skinny. Ok, but did you see eggs, or babies, he answered no. He explained, he would not disturb the nest. I agree that would not be nice, but after they hatch, you can find the egg shells Reptile egg shells last forever(it seems) So in 5400 sightings, there were one possible breeding and one possible nesting, but neither were confirmed. So what were the sightings? basically they were when these monitors bask on a branch in the mourning. So you have 5398 lizards on a branch and two other questionable(unproven) sightings. Yet, the paper was published with all sort of data(i wonder where it came from) about the life cycle of this varanid species. And you wonder how we get misled and have false paradigms.

As a simple example, we are taught that snakes are cold blooded and they reflect the temps of the enviornment. Which is true, but, but, and big butt, its so very rare for a snake to actually have the same cloacal temp as the enviornment its in. In fact, its rare a snake has the same head temp as its own cloacal temp.

Lets try this, you find a snake thats cloacal temp is 17c, the ground temp where it was sitting is 30c, the air temp is 28c. This gives you the impression that snake was recently somewhere that was 17c. Where? if you dig around, you may find that 17c is found at a certain depth. Don't get me wrong, this cannot be used as fact, but it gives you an idea where it came from. In certain cases, we have found a trail that leads to sheds where the snake was staying in the ground, what is that temp?

We also find snakes sitting on ground temps that are 24c and have cloacal temp of 32c, this gives you the idea that the snake was recently in a hotter area, where? what if you cannot find an area that hot? hmmmmmmm unfortunately that does happen.

What we can say is, snakes are constantly changing their body temps forth and back. They do so for so obvious reasons, such as food, gravid, shed, etc. but also for not so obvious reasons.

To tie this together a little, I have asked you to investigate for a reason, if you actually checked out your snakes in hibernation, you may find that they are also changing temps back and forth, and containing ovum or embryos, or food bolus, etc. Which would exclude the term hibernation.

Remember, you may be right, they are hibernating, but how do you know your right? you did not check.

Back to cannibalism, whats odd is, I watch colonies of snakes, they are often sitting next to or within inches of eachother, I have watched them for years and years, the same snakes. They did not eat eachother, even if they were snake eating types. And you would be surprised just what snakes consume other snakes. Thanks FR

Phil Peak Nov 30, 2005 06:21 PM

Your right about all this Frank but for the life of me I can't compel myself to force a regurgitation on any of the snakes we find. The thought has crossed our minds before but we never forced the issue. Not the scientific way I'll admit, but in the end we weigh out the consequences of a snake losing a large meal especially late in the season and can't bring ourselves to do it. We do cut open DOR's at times and we have temporarilly collected snakes to examine the fecal matter. From the fecals we can generally determine reptile, bird, mammal etc..but not species.

Interesting observations on the kings you study. Our experience is we often see adult pairs together in the spring (March,April thru mid May) but rarely after this. We very rarely see other species together with kings and on the odd occasion that we do the king is usually in the height of a shed phase. At sites where kings are reliably found we almost never see other species. I'm wondering if the other snake species are picking up chemical cues and avoiding these places altogether. I have noticed that other snakes I keep such as rat snakes will completely freak out If I pick them up after handling a king. On the other hand my kingsnakes will quickly bite and constrict my hand if it smells of rat snake musk. Cheers, Phil

foxturtle Nov 29, 2005 05:36 PM

The loser king had some lacerations on it that did not look like they were the result of digestion. Makes me wonder if it had been injured or killed by a car, mower, or other machinery prior to being eaten. I've seen several people state that canefield kings do not eat snakes, preferring rodents. One individual told me that most canefield kings shouldn't have parasites because of the ready supply of rodents. I have noticed with canefield kings that I've caught, that they won't accept Thamnophis as a food item, but will take racers and rat snakes readily. I have a picture somewhere of a king curled up with a garter.

I think the big meal would have been digested if we had not intervened. Plenty of good heat-conducting cover in that area.

HKM Nov 29, 2005 05:57 PM

A great find and thanks for posting it.

One simple POSSIBLE explanation for the king eating king part of this is that the larger king happened on the smaller king WHILE it was eating the ratsnake, and began eating the other end of the ratsnake....

Hasn't anyone ever had two snakes get on the same food item? Ever leave them to see what happens???? I have, at least several times (yeah yeah don't leave snakes unattended while feeding) and without exception, one of the two got the other's head down and kept right on going. Aside from pyros, milksnakes, king cobras, forest cobras, I have seen it in usually non snake eating species like subocs, willardi, lepidus, reticulated pythons, Pope's pit vipers, purple spot pit vipers....

While most of these were separated without incident, in one case, a newborn C. willardi ate an adult tree lizard and a littermate who got on the other end of the lizard. The snakes were equal in size and weight. The little pig kept everything down and fed again about a week later.

All just individual feeding observations, and some not so vigilant husbandry.

Maybe the ratsnake being more digested than the kingsnake indicates a timeline to dispute this possibility too, but, maybe not? Great observation and thanks for posting it.

snakesunlimited1 Nov 29, 2005 07:52 PM

Was Mark (Crimsonking) involved somehow in this as well. I remember the post from the first time you posted but I thought Mark was there but you had pics or something. No real point. Just trying to see if my mind is as bad as I think.

Later Jason

crimsonking Nov 29, 2005 09:05 PM

I wasn't there, Jason when they found that one.
I may have chimed in when Lindsay posted the pics before however.
What if any FL locale eastern kings do you currently have?
Plan on breeding any next season?
Gettin' chilly up there??? hahaha.
:Mark
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Surrender Dorothy!

www.crimsonking.funtigo.com

foxturtle Nov 29, 2005 09:12 PM

You weren't, but I was there. That may have been the only time that Lindsay found more kings than I did.

crimsonking Nov 29, 2005 09:18 PM

..as a double (or triple!)
:Mark
-----
Surrender Dorothy!

www.crimsonking.funtigo.com

Lindsay Nov 30, 2005 07:33 AM

>>You weren't, but I was there. That may have been the only time that Lindsay found more kings than I did.

Keeping score - how gauche! In that case, I bet I found way more Pinellas kings than you did in the 1970's... and infinitely more Black Gap alterna than you (one divided by zero = ...) Besides, I get half a point for every time I drove you up to the spot and you see one before I get the truck in park. Okay, let's make this interesting - from now on only Highlands County molekings count. Where's Mudsnake Dan?

Sean Nov 30, 2005 12:08 AM

and more ugly reptile-eating data for Sean
- Gators 34, Semiholes 7

Yeah, the Gators had a good meal that night! Along with the rest of the ACC. We're gonna get devoured next weekend.

Keith Hillson Nov 30, 2005 10:03 AM

WOW what a find ! Thanks for sharing Lindsay and did you check that Yellow Rats belly for anything ? lol

Keith
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