I see what your saying, Devin, but for one thing, the two coexist in Madagascar, and mantellas are toxic. So in terms of frogs getting eaten, its a matter of how the wild geckos know not to eat them, if its visually, like by coloration, then there shouldn't be any problem in captivity, if the geckos can detect the alkaloid toxins in the frog somehow, either by spitting the frogs out if they taste them (most alkaloids are bitter, they could spit out anything tasting bitter) or smelling them. I'm not sure that anyone has conducted any experiments to try to figure this out, and I'm not sure, though if I had to guess I would guess that wild geckos simply avoid the bright coloration.
However, captive mantellas wouldn't have the alkaloid skin toxins since they won't be feeding on the same toxic prey, therefore if the geckos can detect the lack of alkaloids, there is a risk of the gecko going for a mantella meal. I do agree that smaller mantellas could be eaten by a P. quadriocellata, P. dubia is a little bit bigger than P. quadriocellata, and I personally think that a 5 inch lizard (Snout-Tail) isn't likely to try to eat a 1 inch frog unless its really hungry, and there's nothing easier around.
Also, addressing the temperature concern, I remember reading that mantellas tend to stay more towards the ground is that correct? well if a heat lamp in a corner of the top provides the basking spot for the P. quadriocellata, its unlikely that the frogs would have a problem with that. In addition, I know someone who has been doing some research on Mantellas in Madagascar, and she has kept captive mantellas successfully at 80-85 degrees, which is a little high according to most literature, but I still don't see the temperature being a huge issue.