Hello!
In my opinion a lack of appropriate food and humidity, no access to UVB, no access to water cause pyramiding in tortoises.
No fruits should be given even one time a year!!! It is unnatural food definitely and especially for genus Testudo and species like sulcata, elegans, radiata and more. In case of sulcata even dandelion seems to be too much energetic food. The best food is grass hay. Tortoises grow smooth outdoor, but we must remember not to give them fruits and protein which for instance meat contains.

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